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Let's All Chill: Antarctica's Adélie Penguins Are Probably Fine

By Becky Oskin, Contributing Writer | February 16, 2016 07:03am ET

Adélie penguins like this one feed mainly on krill. Credit: Michelle LaRue View full size image

Let's give the penguins a little credit.

The news reported around the world was startling — that some 150,000 Adélie penguins have died in Antarctica because a colossal iceberg cut off their sea access.

But there's no proof yet that the birds are dead. No one has actually found 150,000 frozen penguins. In fact, experts think there's a less horrific explanation for the missing birds: When the fishing gets tough, penguins simply pick up and move. It wouldn't be the first time Adélie penguins marched to new digs. When an iceberg grounded in the southern Ross Sea in 2001, penguins on Ross Island relocated to nearby colonies until the ice broke up. [See Photos of Cape Denison and its Adélie Penguins]

"Just because there are a lot fewer birds observed doesn't automatically mean the ones that were there before have perished," said Michelle LaRue, a penguin population researcher at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, who was not involved in the study. "They easily could have moved elsewhere, which would make sense if nearby colonies are thriving," LaRue told Live Science in an email interview.

Where did they go?

The misplaced penguins lived at a colony on Cape Denison in Commonwealth Bay, in East Antarctica. In mid-February 2010, the Rhode Island-sized iceberg B09B crashed into the bay's Mertz Glacier. The stranded iceberg forced the penguins to walk more than 37 miles (60 kilometers) for food, researchers report in a new study. The greater the distance to dinner, the harder it is for baby chicks to get enough calories from their penguin parents. [Infographic: Your Guide to Antarctica]

Since 2011, the original colony of 150,000 penguins has shrunk to around 10,000 birds, according to the new study, published Feb. 2 in the journal Antarctic Science. The authors, from Australia's University of New South Wales, predict the Cape Denison colony will disappear in 20 years unless the ice clears.

"It was heart-wrenching to see the impact of the fast ice on the penguins," lead study author Kerry-Jayne Wilson said in a statement.

"The normally noisy and aggressive Adélie penguins were so subdued they hardly acknowledged our intrusion into their realm. It was sad to walk amongst thousands of freeze-dried chicks from the previous season and hundreds of abandoned eggs," Wilson said, referring to the fact that the birds were dead, frozen and dessicated.

But LaRue counters that Adélie penguin colonies always have dead birds scattered around because the carcasses don't decompose in Antarctica's dry, cold climate. Researchers have discovered mummified penguins and seals that are centuries old.

"I do not know what happened to these birds, but no one does for certain," LaRue said. "The fact that so many birds [are] gone from this location is really interesting."

The Australian research team also suggests the Cape Denison penguins could have emigrated to other nesting sites. They note that abandoned and recolonized penguin colonies are found throughout Antarctica, evidence of the bird's adaptive response to changing ice conditions in centuries past.

Waddle watch

The Cape Denison Adélie penguin colony was first visited in 1913 during Australian explorer Douglas Mawson's Antarctica expedition. The Australian researchers revisited the colony in 2013, during an expedition to recreate Mawson's voyage. (The year 2013 saw heavy sea ice, and the expedition had to be rescued offshore East Antarctica.)

The researchers thoroughly documented the penguin population during their visit. On the same trip, the research team also discovered thriving Adélie penguin colonies elsewhere in Commonwealth Bay. The finding makes it more plausible that some of the birds affected by the iceberg could have gone elsewhere. However, scientists still know little about how the penguins emigrate between colonies. The Adélie penguin population in Antarctica has only recently become tracked by satellites.

"The effects of the changes over the past five years we have observed on the ecosystems in and around Commonwealth Bay will help us better understand the impacts of such large-scale events on the fragile Antarctic ecosystem." co-author Chris Fogwill of University of New South Wales Australia said in the statement.

About Adélies

Adélie penguins breed between October and February. Adélie penguins must travel repeatedly from the colonies into the adjacent ocean to find the fish and krill that they eat.

Unlike emperor penguins, which breed on pack ice during the Antarctic winter, Adélie penguins breed during the Antarctic summer (Octover through February) and live on the continent. Adélie penguins travel back and forth from their nesting colonies to the ocean to hunt for fish and krill.

While the Adélie population has dropped along the Antarctic Peninsula, the colonies in East Antarctica are growing, LaRue said. As of 2011, there were approximately 7 million Adélie penguins in Antarctica. "Losing 150,000 birds — even if that were true — is hardly apocalyptic," LaRue said.

Amazing Images: The Best Science Photos of the Week

Each week we find the most interesting and informative articles we can and along the way we uncover amazing and cool images. Here you'll discover 10 incredible photos and the stories behind them.

Spider vs. snake:

In a surprising find, an Australian farmer discovered a snake hanging from a spider's web in his shed. While no one is sure how it happened, the situation may keep people on their toes for the unexpected.

[Full Story: Reptile Dysfunction: Snake Loses Wild Battle Against Spider (Photo)]

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Experienced mama:

Wisdom, a Laysan albatross and the world's oldest known wild bird, added her 40th chick to the family. She's at least 65 years old and shows no signs of moving into retirement. Wisdom inspires scientists and brings hope because her species is an indicator of the health of the world's oceans.

[Full Story: World's Oldest Wild Bird Just Became a Mom for the 40th Time]

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Catching a python:

Florida officials have invited people to aid in locating Burmese pythons in the Florida Everglades. So far 95 of the critters have been captured. The invasive species has a detrimental effect on the native animals and need to be controlled.

[Full Story: 95 Burmese Pythons (and Counting) Captured in Everglades]

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Achooo!

Elephants are intelligent creatures and recent study helps us understand a bit more about how intelligent they are. An Asian elephant named Mineko used her trunk, blowing air behind food to bring it closer to her is every "trial", showing an understanding of the physical consequence of blowing food on the far side of the object.

[Full Story: Elephants 'Sneeze' to Get Hard-to-Reach Treats]

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Muppet faces:

A large-mouthed, gangly fish swam the ancient oceans while dinosaurs wandered the Earth roughly 100 million years ago. Researchers recently uncovered two new species of the giant creature, bringing the total known to three.

[Full Story: Muppet-Faced Fish Swam Alongside Dinosaurs]

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Surf's Up:

An (almost) annual competition brings surfers to a Northern California Beach in order to ride some of the largest waves. The Titans of Mavericks competition takes place at Pillar Point during the winter when the water and weather come together to create the massive breakers.

[Full Story: Map of Winter Storm Jonas' Wind Shows Destructive Gusts]

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Dazzling parks:

The National Park Service celebrates its 100-year anniversary and to commemorate the century, an IMAX movie, "National Parks Adventure," explores some of the almost 90 million acres of parks across our country.

[Full Story: US National Parks Dazzle as Stars of New IMAX Film]

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Glacier national park:

In the new IMAX movie, "National Parks Adventure," Actor Robert Redford guides spectators through a stunning journey of the wild diversity that is our National Park system. Soaring over red-rock canyons and dashing down mountain peaks, moviegoers will visit many of the parks across the country.

[Full Story: Photos: IMAX Showcases National Parks’ Astounding Beauty]

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Odd crack:

Five years ago in a Michigan forest, a sudden boom interrupted the mornings of locals, shaking their homes with the force of a magnitude-1 quake and creating a large crack in the Earth. After half a decade of research, experts can explain what happened — a limestone bulge resulted in raising the rock and clay, uprooting trees and snapping roots.

[Full Story: What Caused This Weird Crack to Appear in Michigan?]

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Black holes merge:

Just this week, Einstein was proved right yet again. Using LIGO, scientists detected the anomaly then applied that data to Einstein's general relativity equations, creating computer simulations to discover the source.

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